Association between recurrent concussion and late-life cognitive impairment in retired professional football players.

نویسندگان

  • Kevin M Guskiewicz
  • Stephen W Marshall
  • Julian Bailes
  • Michael McCrea
  • Robert C Cantu
  • Christopher Randolph
  • Barry D Jordan
چکیده

OBJECTIVE Cerebral concussion is common in collision sports such as football, yet the chronic neurological effects of recurrent concussion are not well understood. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between previous head injury and the likelihood of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease in a unique group of retired professional football players with previous head injury exposure. METHODS A general health questionnaire was completed by 2552 retired professional football players with an average age of 53.8 (+/-13.4) years and an average professional football playing career of 6.6 (+/- 3.6) years. A second questionnaire focusing on memory and issues related to MCI was then completed by a subset of 758 retired professional football players (> or = 50 yr of age). Results on MCI were then cross-tabulated with results from the original health questionnaire for this subset of older retirees. RESULTS Of the former players, 61% sustained at least one concussion during their professional football career, and 24% sustained three or more concussions. Statistical analysis of the data identified an association between recurrent concussion and clinically diagnosed MCI (chi = 7.82, df = 2, P = 0.02) and self-reported significant memory impairments (chi = 19.75, df = 2, P = 0.001). Retired players with three or more reported concussions had a fivefold prevalence of MCI diagnosis and a threefold prevalence of reported significant memory problems compared with retirees without a history of concussion. Although there was not an association between recurrent concussion and Alzheimer's disease, we observed an earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease in the retirees than in the general American male population. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the onset of dementia-related syndromes may be initiated by repetitive cerebral concussions in professional football players.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Clinically Relevant Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players

GUSKIEWICZ, K. M., S. W. MARSHALL, J. BAILES, M. MCCREA, H. P. HARDING JR, A. MATTHEWS, J. R. MIHALIK, and R. C. CANTU. Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 903–909, 2007. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between prior head injury and the likelihood of being diagnosed...

متن کامل

Recurrent concussion and risk of depression in retired professional football players.

PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between prior head injury and the likelihood of being diagnosed with clinical depression among retired professional football players with prior head injury exposure. METHODS A general health questionnaire, including information about prior injuries, the SF-36 (Short Form 36), and other markers for depression, was completed by...

متن کامل

A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion

OBJECTIVE Systematic review of possible long-term effects of sports-related concussion in retired athletes. DATA SOURCES Ten electronic databases. STUDY SELECTION Original research; incidence, risk factors or causation related to long-term mental health or neurological problems; individuals who have suffered a concussion; retired athletes as the subjects and possible long-term sequelae defi...

متن کامل

Neuroimaging of cognitive dysfunction and depression in aging retired National Football League players: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES To assess cognitive impairment and depression in aging former professional football (National Football League [NFL]) players and to identify neuroimaging correlates of these dysfunctions. DESIGN We compared former NFL players with cognitive impairment and depression, cognitively normal retired players who were not depressed, and matched healthy control subjects. SETTING Research cent...

متن کامل

Cognitive and psychosocial function in retired professional hockey players.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The relationship between repeated concussions and neurodegenerative disease has received significant attention, particularly research in postmortem samples. Our objective was to characterise retired professional ice hockey players' cognitive and psychosocial functioning in relation to concussion exposure and apolipoprotein ε4 status. METHODS Alumni athletes (N=33, age...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Neurosurgery

دوره 57 4  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2005